Distributed consensus remains one of the most challenging problems in computer science. From Paxos to Raft, various algorithms have been proposed to solve the problem of achieving agreement among distributed nodes. This article examines practical implementations of consensus protocols in production systems, including their trade-offs in terms of latency, throughput, and fault tolerance. We explore how modern databases like CockroachDB and TiDB implement multi-Raft groups to achieve both strong consistency and horizontal scalability. The evolution from single-leader to multi-leader replication patterns has opened new possibilities for globally distributed applications.
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